Analysis of the valve market situation at home and abroad

First, the characteristics of domestic and international valve market



    The entire valve from the market point of view, there are two-fold:



1, the domestic market, the domestic market was divided into new, expanding market agenda item, the old equipment maintenance, market transformation projects.



Judging from the two markets, a serious oversupply of ordinary valve products, and secondly, even with pressure between Yang and disorderly competition, fake ... ..., the market is not standardized, resulting in the production of certain valves in severe competition and has been suffering significant losses. From the two market demands, with the market economy development and improvement, in particular the progress of World Trade Organization (WTO), its changes in the market, more and more, businesses are increasingly affected by the market depth, the user of the market increasing demand for product development, the needs of the production cycle becoming shorter and shorter.



2, foreign markets. Foreign markets were very active in recent years, fierce competition. East and Southeast Asia the rapid growth of import and export of valves, North America and other developed countries of the European Community market between the sustainable development of trade, Germany, Italy, Japan, China and other countries and regions to expand exports, the United States, Britain, France and other countries imported high-speed growth, the formation of the international valve market, the strong point of prosperity, In addition, as a result of further internationalization of the world economy, multinational companies will continue to promote the international valve market development, international trade areas is another major characteristic of Bi.



Second, the domestic market



Valve production in China of about 3 over 2300, the valve can provide a few broad categories of products, more than 3500 species, more than 40,000 specifications.



(1) city of valves used in construction: urban systems generally use the low-pressure valves, are currently being environmentally friendly and energy-saving direction. Environment-friendly plastic valve, balance valve and the center line butterfly valve, metal sealed butterfly valve is gradually replaced by low-pressure valve iron. Urban construction required for the balance valve valve, soft sealing gate valve, butterfly valve and so on.



(2) urban heat with valve: City-generation thermal system, a great deal of metal sealed butterfly valve, the level of balance valve and direct-buried-type ball valve, the valve to solve this kind of vertical piping, horizontal hydraulic imbalance, to achieve energy-saving , on behalf of the purpose of thermal equilibrium.



(3) environmental protection with valve: the domestic environmental protection system, water supply system is mainly required of Center Line butterfly valve, soft sealing gate valve, ball valve, exhaust valve (for exclusion of the air pipe). Sewage disposal system required soft seal gate valve, butterfly valve.



(4) use of city gas valve: City-wide natural gas accounted for 22% of the market, the amount of the valve, and also its type. The main need for ball valves, plug valves, pressure relief valve, safety valve.



(5) long-distance pipeline with valve: long-distance pipeline is mainly crude oil, and natural product line did not. Most of these pipelines will take the amount of forged steel valves are three-body Full Bore Ball Valve, sulfur flat gate valve, safety valve, check valve.

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Floor drain and the suction valve of the safety issues

Indoor Riser same floor drain is a novel design and construction and installation process is completed in the reinforced concrete floor will be followed by thin horizontal flat body floor drain and the pipe network, direct access to the leveling layer riser. Toilet drain after use, or to split water tanks hidden inside the separator in the pipe gallery. To facilitate the pipe network maintenance, set up inside the shower rooms are waterproof repair the door. The master bathroom, to bath water seal drainage network have sufficient reasonable arrangement should be elevated to the bottom of the bathtub over leveling layer. Leveling layer than the traditional floor height increase is only 55mm. Not only to solve the traditional clothing floor, sewer drip, Kiyomichi environmental health issues affect the neighbors stole a save investment with caisson pipe. Replacement of equipment and pipe network maintenance compared with the caisson pipe mode, the former light, the latter time-consuming and laborious.

     The development of the same floor drain is not as difficult technique, but the traditional values. 2003 "Building Water Supply and Drainage Design Standards" provides that: to drain the water seal depth is based on the provisions of foreign norms established. 50mm water seal depth is to determine the gravity flow drainage system in the ventilator pipe and drain pipe diameter base. Trying to suck in some areas an additional valve, reducing water seal depth of practice is inappropriate. First, only a balance of negative pressure suction valve, but can not eliminate the pressure fluctuations. The second suction valve valve valve aging, loss of function caused after the indoor environmental pollution. Third, reduce the water seal to drain the water depth is bound to reduce the volume of water seal, easy to evaporate dry.

     Can eliminate the negative pressure suction valve to siphon pumping loss is nearly zero. No pressure valves abolished by addition, but by "double" structure principle, the use of pipe network to be able to promote growth in water seal. Suction valve valve problem of aging is a technological breakthrough in the most crucial part, using wear-resistant, anti-oil, dense silicone rubber plus anti-aging agents, improve technical performance, the aging period of up to 8 ~ 10 years, is bound to home, changing a light bulb replacement is also easy.

     Therefore, the Bell-floor drain in terms of a static or dynamic aspects of comparison, the superiority does not exist. Because the latter design is a low-water-sealed as the guiding ideology, specifically with less evaporation loss and high Huibu way to achieve high performance, high-quality suction valve located in the shelter to better ensure that its unique effects. To drain water seal to protect the concept should be updated. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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Valve types and uses

Valve is closed parts (ram) along the channel center line perpendicular to the direction of movement of the valve. Valve in the pipeline used mainly for cutting.



     Valve is to use a valve very broad, general diameter DN ≥ 50mm cut-off devices are selected it, and sometimes cut off a small-caliber devices also use valve, the valve has the following advantages:



     ① fluid resistance.

     A smaller external force required to open and close ②.

     ③ medium flow unrestricted.

     ④ full-time, the sealing surface of the erosion by the working fluid valve smaller than the cut-off.

     ⑤ relatively simple shape, casting process is better.



     Valve also has shortcomings:



     ① Overall size and height of a larger opening. Large space required for installation.

     ② opening and closing process, the sealing surface friction between the relatively easy to cause abrasions.

     ③ valve normally have two sealing surface, to the processing, polishing and maintenance of the increased number of difficulties.



     First, the type of valve



     1. Construction of divisible by ram



     1) Parallel Gate Valve: sealing surface and vertical axis parallel to the two valve sealing surface parallel to each other.



     In a parallel-type valve in order to wedge-thrust structure with the most common is common, both in the middle of two double-sided thrust wedge gate, which applies to low-voltage small-caliber valve (DN40-300mm) valve. Also have two rooms with a spring damper, spring can produce to the tight power is conducive to ram seal.



     2) Wedge Gate Valve: sealing surface and the vertical axis into a certain point of view, that is, two sealing surface into a wedge-shaped valve.



     Sealing surface of the tilt angle are generally 2 ° 52 ', 3 ° 30', 5 °, 8 °, 10 °, etc. The size of the angle depends primarily on medium high and low temperature. Generally higher operating temperature, the angle taken to be larger in order to reduce the temperature change occurs when the wedge housing possibilities.



     In the wedge-type gate valve, a further single gate, Shuangzha divided board and elastic damper. Single wedge gate valve, simple structure, the use of *, but the sealing surface angle of the higher accuracy requirements, processing and maintenance more difficult, the temperature change is very likely to live wedge. Shuangzha plate wedge gate valve in the water and steam pipes in the media to use more. Its advantages are: the angle of the sealing surface precision low temperature is not easy to live a phenomenon caused by wedge, sealing surface wear, you can add pads compensation. However, this structural components are more easily bonded in the viscous medium, affecting sealing. More important is the upper and lower baffle long-term use is easy to produce rust, gate easily. Flexible wedge gate valve, it has a single wedge gate valve structure is simple, using * the merits, but also produce small amounts of elastic deformation of the cover sealing surface angle deviations arising during processing and improve the technics now been widely adopted. 

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Talk about pressure relief valves, emergency shut-off valve and open the valve settings

 At present, the butterfly valve is used to achieve piping system as an on-off and flow control components, has been in the petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy, water, electricity and many other areas to be very widely used. In the known butterfly has been recognized technology, its sealed form of multi-sealed structure, sealing material for rubber, PTFE and so on. As the structural characteristics of the restriction is not suitable for high temperature, high pressure and corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and other industries.

     Present a more sophisticated three eccentric butterfly valve is metal seal butterfly valve, valve and valve seat as the Siamese components, valve seat sealing surface layer welding temperature, corrosion resistant alloy material. Soft-stacked multi-ring fixed to the valve plate, this butterfly valve in comparison with the traditional high temperature, easy operation, open and close without friction, closed with the transmission of the torque increases to compensate for seal, to improve a butterfly valve sealing performance and durability advantages.

     However, this butterfly is still in the course of the following problems:

     1, due to soft and hard stacked multi-ring fixed to the valve plate, when the valve plate to its normal open state media, the formation of a positive sealing surface erosion, and metal sheets laminated in the soft-sealing tape subject to erosion, the direct impact on seal performance. 

     

     Third, because the principle of the three eccentric structure, the valve plate sealing surface and the seal between the valve seat is to rely on the torque transmission device so that pressure valve plate to the valve seat. Positive flow state, the media, the higher the pressure squeezed more tightly sealed. When the flow channel upstream medium with medium pressure increases when the valve plate and seat the pressure between the units is less than the medium pressure, the seal started to leak out.

     High-performance 3-way eccentric hard-seal butterfly valve, its characteristics are: described by a soft T-shaped valve seat ring seal ring on both sides of the composition of multi-layer stainless steel sheet. Valve plate and valve seat sealing surface for the oblique cone structure, in the valve plate oblique cone surfacing temperature, corrosion resistant alloy materials; fixed platen in the regulation of rings between the spring and the adjustment bolt assembly with the platen structure. This structure effectively compensate for the tolerance between the sleeve and the valve stem in the medium zone and the elastic deformation under pressure to solve the two-way valve in the transmission medium of exchange that exist in the process of sealing problems. Use of soft T-seals on both sides of the composition of multi-layer stainless steel sheet with a metal seal and soft seal the dual advantages of both the low and high temperature cases, both with zero leakage sealing performance.

     Test proved positive flow state (medium flow direction and the butterfly plate rotation in the same direction), the sealing surface pressure is the transmission of torque and media pressure on the valve plate of the role of the elected. Positive medium pressure increases, valve plate oblique cone surface and the valve seat sealing surface squeezed more tightly, sealing the better. When the counter-current state, the valve plate and valve seat through the seal between the drive torque to the valve seat so that pressure valve plate. With the reverse-media pressure, valve plate and valve seat unit between the positive pressure is less than medium pressure, the adjustment of the spring ring is contained in the subject after the deformation energy stored in compensation valve plate and valve seat sealing surface of the tight the pressure to play the role of automatic compensation. Therefore, this utility model, unlike existing technologies, as the valve plate to install software and hardware multi-ring, but directly installed on the valve body, in the platen, and the middle seat an additional adjustment ring is a very good two-way hard-sealing method . It can replace valve, the cut-off valve and ball valve. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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Solenoid valve with the four characteristics of product performance on (a)

1. Security:



1. Corrosive medium: Wang Yi choose plastic solenoid valve and all stainless steel; for strong corrosion medium Diaphragm isolation must be selected. Cases of CD-F. Z3CF. Neutral medium, it should be chosen for the copper alloy shell material valve solenoid valve, or valve shells falling debris often rust, especially the movements do not frequent occasions. Ammonia valve can not be used with copper.



2. Explosive environment: It is necessary to choose the appropriate level of explosion-proof products, open-air installation or dust should be used more occasions waterproof, dust-proof varieties.



3. Solenoid valve Nominal pressure tube should be more than the maximum working pressure.



2. Applicability:



1. Dielectric properties



1.1 quality of gas, liquid or mixed state, respectively, with different varieties of solenoid valves, air ZQDF cases, ZQDF-Y for liquid, ZQDF-2 (or -3) for the steam, otherwise easily cause malfunction. ZDF series of multi-function solenoid valve may be all in the air. Liquid. Were set out when the best medium, and users no longer need to install mode.



1.2 Medium temperature products with different specifications, otherwise the coil will be burnt, aging seals, seriously affect the life of life.



1.3 medium viscosity, usually following 50cSt. If more than this value is greater than 15mm diameter with ZDF series multi-function solenoid valve for special order. Path set high viscosity of less than 15mm solenoid valve.



1.4 medium cleanliness is not high when the solenoid valve should be fitted with recoil filter before the valve, low pressure moving straight fashion choice Diaphragm solenoid valve for example, CD-P.



If the directional flow of 1.5 Media and ZDF-N does not allow back ZQDF-N single and two-way flow of needed, please make a special request.



1.6 medium temperature should be ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve Three way ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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Pneumatic butterfly valve in the powder system operating instructions

Pneumatic butterfly valve on the gas, liquid medium occasions we have discussed the use of more, and because the pneumatic valves used for solid materials (such as dust, powder) not, in the selection and use also there are many places worth exploring. Experience combined with the practical application of the following to talk about the see-zero.



Butterfly valve for the control of solid materials, often at the end of the tank as the discharge valve to use, such as cement cans, powder cans, etc. at the end of the tank to leak the news and quickly cut off. Because most of the dust materials containing large or small particles, the valve sealing surface on the wear and tear is not in doubt Selection properly, will greatly reduce the life of the valve, or valve leakage caused by very quickly, the impact of continued use. Such a case: there is a burden weighing system, the whole process of ingredients to achieve fully automatic with PLC control, and the ingredients of the discharge valve car uses three eccentric butterfly valve pneumatic, medium is a very fine powder particles. After a period of time with customers to reflect inside the drain valve, which often piles of powder to leak in the table. Detection valve is not leaking, but also reflects the previous customers of this valve is used, and the same medium, there is no such thing happened. In order to understand the whole story, the company sent to the scene, we have finally found the reason: the original, this medium is very small and a bit sticky, though the ingredients with a small vibration motor vehicles, the end of a number of materials attached to the tank wall and valve parts in the valve closed, stuck in the sealing surface around the valve can not be completely closed, with the result after re-installation of materials spill, with the passage of time, but also sealing surface wear very much, and even to show a trench.

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Filters and pressure regulating valve to maintain

In the routine maintenance of vehicles, the air filter and PCV valve pressure easily be ignored. Moreover, often when they plug into the engine and endanger the normal working hours will be subject to remedy the situation as the replacement of the maintenance. In order to avoid premature engine wear (non-normal) and maintain the best working condition, the pressure of the air filter and PCV valve for regular inspection and replacement is all the more essential.

     We emphasize on preventive maintenance of air filter is not an exaggeration. In the inhalation of air and fuel mixture before the air filter the air in the dust least squares, carbon and other debris, thus ensuring the cleanliness of the air inhaled. In fact, the volume per unit of fuel combustion, about the need for 10,000 per unit volume of air through the filter. And then a small dirt particles will also lead to internal engine parts and components related to the severe wear and tear.

     Usually, manufacturers recommend regular maintenance of air filter replacement cycle for 48,000 km, and every 24,000 km to conduct a routine examination; the recommendation to maintain its conservative replacement cycle for 24,000 km.

     The density of the atmosphere contains three basic particles of different pollutants, namely, dust, and carbon residue. In the open highway, the dust content of the more rural areas and low built-up areas. Dust concentration in the larger region, air filter inspection and replacement of higher frequency. Highways and traffic congestion in the region, because the concentration of emissions from vehicles, so the air in the carbon content was high.

     Replacement of the oil during the day-to-day when, incidentally, check the air filter can be regarded as a good habit of the best of both worlds. At this point, won the filter, carefully read the depths of its folds inside. In some cases, appears to clean the external filter, but it is very dirty inside, and must immediately be replaced at this time.

     Channeling PCV system will leak into the crankcase of the introduction of mixed-gas intake system, and then in the combustion chamber for secondary combustion.天少夜暂, oil, gasoline and other concentrates in the PCV valve into the internal deposition of colloidal sludge, resulting in PCV valve plug, resulting in improved internal crankcase gas pressure. Pressure led to the upgrading of the oil from the seal or gasket leakage Department, resulting in additional leakage of oil consumption and engine failure and so on. In addition, to increase the pressure on the crankcase vapors through the PCV make sticky oil and HC compounds have the air filter particles will inevitably reduce the accuracy of its filter. When the adhesion of foreign matter can not be completely closed PCV not appropriate amount of air will be the introduction of the combustion chamber, thus diluting the air / fuel mixture, which eventually led to the deterioration of motor vehicles and easy off idle performance.

     The majority of manufacturers to provide normal maintenance of the PCV valve replacement cycle for the recommended 96,000 km; conservative replacement cycle for the maintenance of 48,000 km. In any case, check the air filter at the same time, be sure to test whether PCV valve plug and bonded. Ford PCV valve replacement cycle based on the recommendation of the different specific models for the 9.6 ~ 160,000 km range; GM also provided according to different models corresponding recommended PCV valve replacement cycle, the more broad range. When you on the ongoing maintenance of the vehicle replacement cycle of PCV valve doubts, please timely access to information on the owner's manual or maintenance. valve ball valve gate valve check valve globe valve butterfly valve
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Explore ways to connect the valve characteristics and the application of performance

(1) thread connection valve. This connection is usually the end of the valve and out of cones processed into pipes or straight pipe thread, so that it can be connected to the cone tube or pipe nipple on the road. As a result of this connection may leak a larger channel, it can be used sealants, sealing or packing tape to plug the channel. If the valve body material can be welded, but very different thermal expansion coefficient, or changes in operating temperature range of a larger thread junction closure weld must be honey.



Valve thread Nominal mainly by valves in the 50mm below. Path size, if too large, the junction is very difficult to install and seal. In order to facilitate the installation and removal of the valve connecting thread in the pipeline system can be used at appropriate locations on the pipe connection. DN 50mm below the valve can be used as a socket pipe fittings, pipe thread socket will connect the two parts together.



(2) flanged connection valves. Valve flange connection, the installation and removal are more convenient. But the thread of the valve than the heavy, the corresponding prices are highest. Therefore, it applies to all kinds of pressure path and the pipe connection. However, when the temperature over 350 degrees, as bolts, gaskets and flange of a change to relax, but also significantly reduces the load bolts, a lot of stress on the flange connection may have a leak.



(3) welding to connect the valve. This connection applies to all kinds of pressure and temperature, in a moment under the condition of the Netherlands use more reliable than the flange connection. However, welding to connect the valve and re-installation of the demolition are more difficult, so its use is usually limited to long-term reliable operation, or use of the conditions of Dutch engraved, high temperature occasion. Such as thermal power stations, nuclear power engineering, the ethylene project pipeline. DN 50mm below the welding socket weld valves generally have a flat side to take charge of the pipeline. As the jack socket and pipe welding in the formation of the gap between, there may be some crevice corrosion medium, the vibration at the same time pipeline will connect the site of fatigue, so the use of socket welding subject to certain restrictions. Larger in nominal diameter, engraved with the use of the conditions of the Netherlands, the higher the temperature of the occasion, often the use of body welding groove on at the same time, to have the original lattice seam welding requirements, choice of technology must be perfect to complete the work of welders. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve Three way ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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Heating regulator valve quickly ruled out the top five common fault

1. Common fault: the overall non-thermal heating. Rule out the method: Open the valve into the backwater.



2. Common fault: non-thermal heating (valve has been opened). Heating is not half hot. Heating water with the sound. Troubleshooting: Heating with gas may be deflated.



Method One: first close the inlet valve. Let the wind run to open the exhaust valve, a water overflow, close the release valve.



Method 2: Close the inlet valve 3 / 4, and then after the closure of backwater valves, exhaust valve opening play, when the semi-closed water overflow gate.



To remind you: after the operation, fault still can not be ruled out, the notice of the maintenance personnel.



3. Common fault: lack of heating pipe temperature, room temperature is too low. Excluded methods: water temperature low, to raise water temperature. Inspection system from the property.



4. Common Faults: into a backwater valve in (near the heating direction) leakage. Rule out the method: turn off into the backwater valve. To inform the team of maintenance technicians to install.



5. Common Faults: backwater valve into the outside (near the head of the road) leakage. Excluded methods: semi-closed system to inform the property valve; to inform the installation team to carry out repairs. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve Three way ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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Butterfly valve development and application of Introduction

  The disadvantage is that rubber seal butterfly valve used for cutting, due to improper use will produce cavitation, so that peeling rubber seat, injury, etc. happen. To this end, and now the international community has developed metal sealing butterfly valve, cavitation area decreases, in recent years, China has also developed a metal sealing butterfly valve, in Japan in recent years has also developed resistance to cavitation erosion, low vibration, low noise comb-shaped butterfly.

     Seal seat life in general, under normal circumstances, the rubber for 15 years -20 years, 80 years -90 years of metal. But how to choose the right requirements will have to under the working conditions.

     Butterfly valve opening and flow of the relationship between the percentage of change in essentially linear. If used to control the flow, its flow characteristics and piping of the flow resistance is also closely related, such as the installation of two pipelines valve diameter, form, etc. All the same, while the pipe loss coefficient is different from the flow valve will be very different.

     If the throttle valve by a big margin in the state of the valve plate on the back prone to cavitation, there is the possibility of damage to the valve, generally used in the 15 ° outside.

     Butterfly in the middle of opening, the body and the butterfly plate front-end to form the shape of the openings to valve shaft as the center, on both sides to complete the formation of a different state, the side of the butterfly plate front-end cis-direction moving water, the other side of the direction of counter-current water The move, therefore, the side of the body and the valve plate may form a nozzle-shaped openings, the other side similar to the orifice-shaped openings, the nozzle side faster than the cutting side of the multi-velocity, while the throttle valve side will produce the following negative pressure often occur rubber seal off. ?

     Butterfly valve operation torque, due to open and close the valve opening, and its value is different in a different direction, horizontal butterfly valve, especially the large-diameter valve, due to water depth, valve shaft, into the water head difference generated by the torque can not be ignored. In addition, the valves bend when the import side device to form a bias current, torque will increase. The valve opening in the middle, because the water flow torque work, operating agencies need to self-locking. 

  

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How can I purchase high-quality anti-corrosion valve

   Valve procurement is only a clear specification, type, work pressure to meet the procurement requirements on the practice of a market economy in the current environment is not perfect. Because the valve manufacturers for products, competition, each valve were unified design concept, innovation differently, forming their own company standards and product personality. Therefore, the valve procurement made a more detailed technical requirements, coordinating with manufacturers to reach a consensus, as the valve procurement annex to the contract is very necessary.

     1. General Requirements

     1.1 valve size and type of pipe should be consistent with the requirements of design documents.

     1.2 Valve model should be specified based on the GB number required. If the enterprise standards, should be specified models for instructions.

     1.3 valve job pressure ≥ pipeline working pressure, without affecting the price under the premise of the valve can withstand the public pressure should be greater than the actual working pressure pipelines; valve closed position, or any side should be able to withstand 1.1 times the value of the valve working pressure without leakage; the valve open position, the valve should be able to withstand twice the working pressure valve requirements.

     1.4 valve manufacturing standards, should indicate the basis of the national standard number, if the enterprise standards, procurement contracts shall be attached to business documents.

     2. Valve-standard quality

     2.1 The valve body material should be ductile iron-based, and indicate the actual grade and the cast iron the physical and chemical test data.

     2.2 stem material, and strive to stainless steel stem (2CR13), large diameter valves also should be embedded in the package of stainless steel stem.

     2.3 nut material, brass or cast aluminum with cast aluminum bronze, and the hardness and strength are greater than the stem.

     2.4 Stem bushing material, its hardness and strength shall be not more than stem, and in the water-soaked conditions and the valve stem, valve did not form a electrochemical corrosion.

     2.5 sealing surface of the material: ① different valve type, sealing methods and materials require different; ② Ordinary wedge gate valve, copper rings of material, fixed method, grinding method should show; ③ soft sealing gate valve, valve plate Lining Material Physical Chemistry and health testing data; ④ valve should be marked on the sealing surface of valve body materials and sealing surface material butterflies board; their physical and chemical test data, especially in rubber health requirements, anti-aging properties, wear resistance performance; usually nitrile rubber and EPDM rubber, recycled plastic mixed with strictly prohibited.

     2.6 valve shaft packing: ① As the pipe network in the valves, usually do not open and close frequently, requiring the filling in a few years of inactivity, filler is not aging, long-term effects remain sealed; ② fill valve shaft should also bear the frequent Kai closed, the sealing effect of the good; ③ light of the above requirements, fill valve shaft for life does not seek to change or 10 years without replacing them; ④ For packing replacement, the valve should be designed to have a situation of pressure change measures.

     3. Speed gearbox

     3.1 box and the internal and external anti-corrosion material requirements and body principles.

     3.2 The cabinet should be sealed measures assembled box can withstand 3 meters on water-immersion.

     3.3 The cabinet on hoist limit devices, adjustment of nuts should be located in cabinets or boxes outside, but special tools need to be operating.

     3.4 Drive structural design is reasonable, open and close valves can only be driven axis, not from top to bottom so that it ran a modest bite transmission parts, does not produce when the separation skid with a load hoisting.

     3.5 Variable Speed Drive Cabinet Office with the valve shaft seal is not linked into the overall leak-free, or string should be a reliable anti-leakage measures.

     3.6 cabinets without debris, the gear meshing parts of grease should be protected.

     4. Valve operating mechanism

     4.1 Valve operation of the hoist direction should always be clockwise closing.

     4.2 As the pipe network of valves, often manual hoist, hoist a few should not be too much to switch, that is, large-diameter valves should also be within the 200-600 turn.

     4.3 In order to facilitate a person's open and close operation, pressure conditions in the plumber, the biggest might be desirable for hoisting torque 240N-m.

     4.4 The valve should open and close operation of client side tenon, and the size of standardization, and facing the ground so that people can be directly manipulated from the ground. With a wheel valve does not apply to underground pipe network.

     4.5 degree of the valve open and close the display plate: ① the valve open and close degree of scale-line should be cast in the gearbox cover or change the direction of the shell plate after the show, the all facing the ground, scale wire brush on the phosphor to show eye-catching; ② direct dial & hand in the management of the materials available under better circumstances stainless steel plate, otherwise the painting of the steel plate, not to use aluminum leather production; ③ direct dial & hand eye-catching, fixed solid, once open and close and accurate adjustment After the rivet should be locked.

     4.6 If the valve buried deep, operating mechanism and display the distance ≥ 1.5m from the ground plate, the pole should have added facilities, and secure a fixed so that people from the ground observation and operation. In other words, pipe network in the valves open and close operation, should not work underground operations.

     5. Valve performance testing

     5.1 valve of a standard high-volume manufacturing, the authoritative body should be entrusted to make the following performance test: ① valve pressure conditions in the work of hoisting torque; ② pressure conditions in the industry can ensure the valve closes tightly continuous Kai closing times; ③ water valve in the pipeline resistance coefficient of flow conditions testing.

     5.2 The valve should be carried out before leaving the factory the following test: ① the valve in the open position, the valve should withstand twice the value of the valve working pressure of the internal pressure test; ② valve closure situation, both sides were to withstand 1.1 times the the value of working pressure valve, no leakage; but metal sealed butterfly valve, leakage value is not greater than the relevant requirements.

     6. Valve's internal and external corrosion

     6.1 Body (including the variable speed transmission box) inside and outside, we should first shot blasting sand blasting, and strive to electrostatic spraying epoxy resin powder non-toxic, thickness of 0.3mm or more. Large non-toxic epoxy electrostatic spray valves have difficulties, they should do brushing, spraying a similar non-toxic epoxy paint.

     6.2 Valve and valve plate all parts of the house for a full anti-corrosion, on the one hand immersed in water will not rust, in between the two metals does not produce the electrochemical corrosion; two areas over the water resistance of a smooth surface to decrease.

     6.3 The valve body paint anti-corrosion epoxy resin or health requirements, there should be the appropriate authority of the organs of test report. Chemical physical properties should also meet the relevant requirements.

     7. Valve Packing, Transport

     7.1 The valve should be located on both sides of light blocking plate solid seal.

     7.2, the small-caliber valve should be bundled straw, and transported in suitable containers.

     7.3 The large-diameter valves are also simple framework for solid wood packaging, so as to avoid damage during transport in touch.

     8. Valve factory specifications

     Valves are devices in the factory manual should indicate the following data: the valve specifications; model; work pressure; manufacturing standards; valve body material; stem material; sealing material; valve shaft packing material; stem sleeve material; inside and outside the anti-corrosion material; Action start direction; rpm; public pressure situations headstock moment; factory factory name; factory date; serial number; weight; connecting flange diameter, pore number, the center pitch; with graphic images indicate overall length, width and height of the control size; valve flow resistance coefficient; effectively open and close times; valve factory testing data and installation, maintenance for attention. 

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Flexible metal hard sealing butterfly valve with the structural characteristics of the use of

Flexible metal seal butterfly valve is a state-level key new products, high-performance flexible metal seal butterfly valve uses a double eccentric, and a special sealing structure oblique elliptical cone. To solve the traditional eccentric butterfly valve in the headstock 0 ° ~ 10 ° the moment still in the sealing surface of the drawbacks of friction sliding contact, the realization of butterflies in the opening moments plate sealing surface that is separated from the closure of the effect of contact that is sealed to extend the service life of sealing performance The purpose of the best.

     Uses:

     For sulfuric acid in the gas pipeline industry: the import and export steel blower, blower relay entrance, electricity and Unicom除雾valve series, S02 Blower main entrances converter regulation, import and export, such as preheater and the closure of the air-conditioning use.

     System for sulfur-burning sulfuric acid burn in the sulfur, the transformation of drying and absorption section, the sulfur-burning sulfuric acid plant with the preferred brand valves, the majority of users were considered to be: a good sealing performance, running light, the Deputy corrosion, high temperature, easy to operate, flexible, safe and reliable use of the butterfly valve has been a great deal to promote the use of.

     Also widely used: chemical, petrochemical, metallurgy, medicine, food and other industries in the SO2, steam, air, gas, ammonia, CO2 gas, oil, water, salt, alkali, water, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphorus acid medium, such as regulation and control on the road as the use of closure devices.

     Structural characteristics:

     ① three unique eccentric design to the sealing surface so that no friction between the drive to extend the service life of the valve.

     ② torque generated by the flexible seal.

     ③ clever wedge design of the valve clearance has become more tight self-sealing function of sealing surface between the compensatory, zero leakage.

     ④ small size, light weight, compact operation, easy to install.

     ⑤ configured according to user requirements pneumatic, electric devices, to meet the needs of the remote control and program-controlled.

     ⑥ replacement parts could be applied to a variety of media materials, and conducted anti-corrosion lining (lining F46, GXPP, PO, etc.).

     ⑦ continuous structural diversity: for folders, flange, butt welding.

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Butterfly valve types and their characteristics

  Many types of butterfly valve



1. Classified according to structure



(1) Center Seal Butterfly Valve



(2) single eccentric valve seal coal



(3) The double eccentric butterfly valve seal



(4) three eccentric valve seal stamp



2. According to the sealing surface material classification



(1) soft sealing butterfly valve.



1) Sealing materials from non-metallic soft non-metallic soft material composition.



2) Sealing materials from non-metallic rigid metal soft material composition.



(2) metal hard seal butterfly valve. Sealing materials from metal to metal hard hard material composition.



3. By sealing the form of classification



(1) Mandatory sealed butterfly valve



1) Flexible seal butterfly valve. Seal than the pressure valve is closed by a valve plate extrusion seat, valve seat or valve plate flexibility generated.



2) plus torque seal butterfly valve. Seal than the pressure applied on the valve shaft by the torque generated.



(2) pressurized seal butterfly valve. Seal than the pressure from the valve seat or valve plate sealing component parts of the shell filling pressure generated.



(3) self-sealing valve. Seal pressure than the pressure from the media generated automatically.



4. Classified according to working pressure



(1) vacuum valve. Working pressure lower than the standard heap of atmospheric calendar butterfly.



(2) low pressure valve. Nominal pressure PN <1.6MPa of the butterfly.



(3) medium-pressure valve. Nominal pressure PN is 2.5 - 6.4MPa of the butterfly.



(4) high-pressure disc valve. Nominal pressure PN of 10. 0 - 80.0MPa the butterfly.



(5) ultra-high pressure valve. Nominal pressure PN> 100MPa of the butterfly.



5. By Operating Temperature Classification



(1) high-temperature valve. t> 450C of the butterfly valve



(2) temperature disc valve. 120C <t <450C of the butterfly valve



(3) at room temperature valve. A 40C <t <; 120C of the butterfly valve



(4) low-temperature valve. 1 100 <t <1 40C of the butterfly valve



(E) ultra-low-temperature valve. t <a 100C of the butterfly valve



6. Classified according to connection



(1) clip-on butterfly.



(2) flange type butterfly valve.



(3) supporting lug type butterfly valve.



(4) Welding-type butterfly valve. 

  

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The circumstances in which selection of bellows sealed valve

Bellows sealed globe valve, and its key components - metal bellows, the lower end of stem components with the introduction of automatic welding roll, roll the top and automatic welding, in the fluid medium and the atmosphere to form a metal barrier to ensure that the valve under zero leakage. Valve with the valve sealing surface through precision grinding, assembly, after 100% completion of pressure test, all to achieve zero leakage. As a supplement, in sealed bellows fill the above letter is still preserved, but also increased the reliability and security. High-pressure metal bellows valves are multi-storey structure Hydroforming can ensure to the maximum 10000 times under the pressure of the whole trip on / off life.



The use of advantages:



1, a double seal design (bellows + fill) if the bellows failure, will prevent the leakage of valve stem packing and seal in accordance with international standards.



2, security, environmental protection, there is no fluid loss, reduce energy loss and improve plant safety.



3, long service life, reduce maintenance and lower operating costs.



4, the rugged design of bellows seal globe valve to ensure zero stem leakage, to provide the conditions for maintenance.



The use of:



Applicable to heat-conducting oil, toxic, flammable, permeability, and pollute the environment with radioactive fluid medium for the shut-off valve control on the road, can also be used for regulation, is to create quality products without leakage of the plant. All of the valve castings precision casting.


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How to make better in the radiator valves play a role in (a)

20th century 40's radiator temperature control valve in Europe in the early 80s our country has begun to develop and radiator temperature control valve, into the 90's, the latter, with the heat metering technology to deepen and to meet the broad masses of the people room temperature for personalized requirements, a variety of domestic, import radiator temperature control valve products came into being, and many of its projects in China were used.



In the radiator heating the room temperature control can be used to control the radiator temperature control valve, but also better resistance characteristics can be manually controlled valves. Thermostatic radiator valve control of the use of the advantage of being able to control better the use of "free heat" to achieve the purpose of energy conservation, while avoiding the user to repeatedly adjust cumbersome.



1, the radiator temperature control valve as well as the breakdown of the working principle



Radiator temperature control valve and valve body from the temperature controller is composed of two parts. Principles of its users will spin the controller to the desired temperature setting temperature, when the room temperature exceeds the set temperature, the thermostat temperature controller inside the package (with sufficient medium temperature) thermal expansion, the volume increased to promote the stem, the valve clearance small, reducing the water flow radiator, so that at room temperature to reach set temperature. When the indoor temperature below the set temperature, the temperature by the cold shrink package size decreases, with the reset spring spool stem back to the valve opening, increasing the radiator water flow until the temperature reached for value.



1.1, temperature controller



Thermostat temperature controller package in accordance with its location can be divided into built-in temperature and package type FarEasTone. Package due to feelings of warm ambient air temperature is at the same time regulating valve action is a result of changes in temperature have a packet size, so the location of temperature package for the importance of the proper use of valves. In most cases, the need to adjust the radiator in this group are the indoor room temperature, the built package suitable temperature valves. In some specific cases, such as the radiator in this group was blocking the radiator cover, valve cover is located within, or close valves, there are other hot (cold) source, such as cooking, lighting and so strong , when its temperature is around the package of local feelings of heat, rather than the exact room temperature, suitable temperature controller type FarEasTone. In some special systems, such as the level of single-pipe systems, can only be installed in the first group of radiator valves, and the user again adjust the room temperature of the living room or master bedroom main-type temperature control may also have recourse to Far EasTone valves, temperature sensors will be placed in the living room or master bedroom collected regulate its temperature.



1.2, temperature control valve package can be in accordance with its temperature by a temperature sufficient to classify the different media can be broadly grouped into the following four categories:



1) steam temperature-inclusive



Wen package filled with the medium as a low boiling point liquid, when the outside temperature, some of vaporization of the liquid as a gas, temperature increase packet size to promote stem off a small valve opening, into the radiator into the reduced water flow, when the outside temperature decreases, some of liquefied gas and a liquid, temperature package size decreases, the valve opening increases, thereby increasing water flow radiator. Win this package in the regular medium temperature gas and liquid mixture, and the advantage of rapid time, but the temperature sealed package very strict, very little in the domestic application.



2) the liquid temperature-inclusive



Bag filled with warm temperature of the liquid medium for special, general, such as methanol or toluene. Larger packages such temperature, short time, the current in the wider domestic applications.



3) solid-state temperature-inclusive



Wen bag is filled with high expansion coefficient of solids, such as for the paraffin. Because of the relative gas and liquid solid heat (cold) the smaller volume, so its temperature moves slower, but the relative volume of small packet of liquid temperature in the domestic as well as some applications.



4) The metal plate



Its temperature controllers for temperature device with a special memory metal alloys, the metal due to热伸热伸drive valve action. 

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Flexible metal seal butterfly valve use and structural characteristics of

 Flexible metal sealing butterfly valve is a state-level key new products, high-performance, flexible metal sealing butterfly valve uses a double eccentric, and a special oblique elliptical cone seal structure. To solve the traditional eccentric butterfly valve in the headstock 0 ° ~ 10 ° instantaneous sealing surface is still in the shortcomings of sliding contact friction to achieve butterfly plate in the opening moments sealing surface that is separated from the effect of sealing off access to that reached to extend the service life of sealing performance the best purpose.

     Uses:

     For the sulfuric acid industry, the gas pipeline: blast furnace blower entrances and exits, entrances and exits fan relay, electric fog removing valves in series, and China Unicom, S02 main blower entrance converter regulation, pre-heater, etc. import and export regulation and the use of cut-off gas.

     Sulfuric acid system is used in the burning sulfur, transformation, drying and absorption steps, is a sulfur-burning sulfuric acid plant with the valve of choice for the brand, was the majority of users considered to be: a good sealing performance, operation light, Vice-corrosion, high temperature, easy to operate, flexible, safe and reliable use of the butterfly, has been a large number of widely used.

     Is also widely used: chemical, petrochemical, metallurgy, medicine, food and other industries in the SO2, steam, air, gas, ammonia, CO2 gas, oil, water, salt, lye, water, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphorus acid medium tubes on the road as a regulator and the closure device.

     Structural features:

     ① three unique design allows the eccentricity between the sealing surface friction transmission, longer valve life.

     ② torque generated by the elastic sealing.

     ③ clever wedge design makes the valve closed more tightly with the more self-sealing function, the sealing surface between the compensatory, zero leakage.

     ④ small size, light weight, operating light, easy to install.

     ⑤ can be configured according to user requirements pneumatic, electric devices, remote control and programmed to meet the needs.

     ⑥ replacement parts material suitable for a variety of media, and can carry out anti-corrosion lining (lining F46, GXPP, PO, etc.).

     ⑦ continuous structural diversification: For folders, flange, butt welding. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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The advantages and disadvantages of different valves and different occasions, the application of

medium temperature classification



     High temperature valve valve 450C is greater than t.



     120C temperature relief valve in less than t less than the valve 450C.



     Valve-40C ambient temperature is less than t less than the valve 120C.



     Low-temperature valve-100C less than t less than-40C of the valve.



     Ultra-low temperature valve t less than-100C of the valve.



     (C) classification according to body material



     Valve non-metallic materials: such as ceramic valves, glass fiber reinforced plastic valves, plastic valves.



     Valve metal materials: copper alloy, such as valves, valve aluminum alloy, lead alloy valves, titanium valves, valve monel alloy



     Cast iron valves, carbon steel valves, cast steel valves, low-alloy steel valves, high alloy steel valves.



     Metal valve body lining: lining of lead, such as valves, plastic lined valves, valves lining enamel.



     General Classification



     This classification is based on the principle of the role of structure and by division, is the international and domestic classification of the most commonly used. General sub-valve, the cut-off valve, throttle, instrument valve, plunger valve,globe  valve, gate valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, check valve, relief valve, safety valve, steam trap, control valve, at the end of valve , filters, valves, such as sewage.
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Plastic sub-catchment and the valve device works in the application of warm (e)

1.5.2 Torque Test



Manual valves should be under the nominal pressure and temperature conditions, in accordance with the standard provisions of state regulation of torque to operate after the test, and gives full-or all-valve clearance of the maximum allowable operating torque value.



The numerical accuracy by processing components and the impact of fluctuations in a larger assembly.



1.5.3 the requirements of operation allows the force



Plastic circular valve handle or hand wheel clearance with the full force.



1.5.4 Connection Size



A) end - end-size



Flange connection system with the valve face - face size should be selected the following criteria:



-PN flange design see EN558-1;



-Class design, see the flange EN558-2.



Other types of end connections should be identified manufacturers face - face size.



B) the valve end connection size



Flange connection to connect the valve size should meet the following criteria:



-PN flange design see EN1092-1;



-Class design, see the flange prEN1759-1: 1997.



Valve end connections shall be in accordance with the thread size ISO7-1 or ISO228-1.



1.5.5 plastic valves and piping system to connect the way



Welded connection: diameter of the valve to connect the site with the same diameter pipe, valves and pipes to connect parts of the end face relative to welding;



Bonded socket connection: parts of valves for the jack to connect the form with the tube connected to bonding;



Fused Socket connection: diameter of the valve to connect the site for the laying of electric wires for the mouth of the form fused with the pipe to connect to;



I melt for connection: the valve connection mouth for parts for form, with the tube socket to connect to hot-melt;



Bonded Socket connection: the valve connecting the site to the mouth for the form of bonding with the tube socket to connect;



Rubber ring Socket connection: connect the valve inner parts of the rubber ring set for oral forms, with the tube socket to connect;



Flange connections: flange valve connecting the site to form the flange and pipe to connect;



Thread: the valve connecting the site for the thread form, with the tube or pipe fittings to connect the thread;



Then connect the living: the valve connecting the site to take the form of live, and tube or pipe fittings to connect.



At the same time a valve can have a different connection.



1.6 the use of plastic valve pressure and temperature



With the temperature increase in the use of plastic in order to shorten the life of the valve. In order to maintain the same life, we need to reduce the use of pressure. Table 2 gives the level of body temperature coefficient material fr.



2. Problems of



2.1



Plastic sub-catchment device main part of the whole plastic products and plastic products in two parts, and some plastic products to the attention of metal and plastic parts of the bond strength and sealing reliability.



2.2 plastic pipe and plastic valve nominal size, nominal pressure manner inconsistent tagging. Plastic pipe with a nominal size dn said valves with nominal size DN said; for hot and cold water mark of the plastic pipe does not allow Nominal pressure PN, Mark Pipe Series S-level under the conditions of use choose to use the pressure and the plastic valve Nominal pressure is marked PN, with the temperature levels to choose fr coefficient temperature.



2.3 in the international standards does not require different specifications for the size of valve torque, given only the length of the handle (or hand wheel diameter) and force requirements, we can not guarantee the quality of the torque valve products, as producers can increase the length of a long handle (or hand wheel diameter) failed to make the goods into a qualified product.



2.4PP-H designed for бs stress 5MPa, some international materials have been designed to бs stress 6.3MPa or 8MPa, strength in the design of choice of raw materials compared with other varieties in terms of some conservative.



2.5



Necking of the smallest valve diameter did not give a minimum size of different specifications of quantitative requirements, only to indicate the manufacturer. This makes the valve manufacturers necking some products that have too much relative products with the specifications it is compact, but it will result in increased resistance to local pipeline system. Necking Path smallest size valve metal valve in the standard provisions.



3. Conclusion



As long as the choice of raw materials and product control are in accordance with the relevant international standards and requirements of national standards, sub-catchment of plastic valves and plastic device is fully capable to meet to warm the use of plastic piping system requirements. 

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Hydraulic valve range of applications

"Pneumatic Hydraulic safety valve" is widely used in hydraulic power systems and hydraulic equipment in the safety device, but also can be used as the pressure limiting device, is a special valve, which is different from the traditional valve, traditional valves with mechanical metal spring as a driving force can only be limited to medium and low pressure above the pressure encountered by more than 10Mpa limit pressure can only increase the volume of the booster design, so traditional roles in the high-pressure and high pressure valve hydraulic power systems and hydraulic equipment, pressure-limited, inevitably bulky and complicated structure, manufacturing is difficult, high production costs; in the course of changes in the fatigue of metal spring, Ambassador limited pressure parameters and volatile to be regularly adjusted in order to ensure the normal use. Because of large steel spring material such as stainless steel can not be anti-corrosion materials, products, anti-corrosion ability is poor, the valve life did not last long.

     "Pneumatic Hydraulic safety valve" of high pressure gas as the power source, using changes in the proportion of cylinder and valve core size of the head of design, product, simple structure, small size, limited pressure stability, and can achieve from 0.1 Mpa to thousands of The limit Mpa pressure, a significant reduction in production costs. Through a specially designed "Pneumatic Hydraulic safety valve," we can act on the supporting shaft of hydraulic pressure system, pillar of safety valve. In the process of formation pressure to bear to achieve slow to pressure (ie pressure changes with the formation pressure to maintain constant pressure) and fast so that pressure (ie a second cave when the pressure within Xiewan instantaneous relief) so as to ensure non-destructive equipment and personnel.

     As the "Pneumatic Hydraulic safety valve" has two levels (slow and fast) function and relieving the pressure from low to ultra-high pressure limiting function; with limited pressure relief and anti-corrosion performance, good stability and reliability advantages, the patent products can greatly enhance and expand the hydraulic power systems and hydraulic equipment supporting mine equipment, quality and performance. Meanwhile, along with the development of materials technology to enable better performance, smaller shape design of hydraulic products possible. The patent also has reusable inflatable, re-use characteristics, useful life several times more than traditional products.

     Production conditions: easy to put into the conditions in place, is now limited pressure valve plant can be modified produce, such as the construction of a major new plant investment, 100 million can not meet the market demand, coastal cities and the mainland and the eastern and western regions can have the production conditions.

     Cost and profit assessment: With the product enhancements, size is shrinking, the service life extension, production costs and use of cost can be decreased about 50%, so plenty of room for profit within a year recover all the investment. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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Valves control water flow balance analysis for occasions

 1, boiler (or chiller) water flow balance

     In the boiler room (or cold room), the general parallel installation of several units, as between the various units have different resistance, causing the flow through the unit is inconsistent, and the unit can not play the largest installed capacity to contribute. At this point should be on each boiler (or chiller) to install balance valve, so that each unit can be designed with a capacity for each unit to ensure safe and normal operation. Chillers to connect more than one cooling tower, cooling tower should also be installed on each balancing valve.

     2, a thermal station, the second loop water flow balance

     In the thermal power stations or centralized boiler room hot water to a number of thermal stations of the system, to enable the thermal station to obtain required water flow, should at all stations in a loop heat pipe installed on the back side of balance valve. To ensure that all secondary-loop water flow for the design flow, thermal station side of the secondary loop balancing valve should be installed.

     3, district heating pipe network water flow balance

     District heating pipe network often by a boiler room (or heat station) to a number of blocks of buildings heating. From the mains, trunk mains, as well as a number of dry pipe connected with the construction branch of the entrance tube. Because each building near and far away from the heat, if the lack of an effective device to eliminate the residual pressure head near the loop will allow flow distribution does not meet design requirements, the proximal overheating, remote cold. Should be on each dry pipe and installation of balancing valve entrance of each building to ensure that each district and the blocks of buildings between the main pipe flow balance.

     4, the building heating (cold) water flow balance pipe network

     That require a higher heating (cooling) systems, and the need to ensure that all of the risers (or branch pipe) to meet the design flow, when the mains, trunk mains, and risers (and the branch tube) must be installed on the balance valve. 

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Automobile Engine Control Valve Failure Analysis of the Principle of waveform (b)

2. Mixed gas control valve



GM mixture of a much wider application of control valves, and other feedback carburetor mixture control waveform is slightly different in appearance, but they show the same signal determine the scale and pattern very similar to the emergence of the fuel in the carburetor feedback control system control signals in the mixture is the most important output signal, in the General Motors on the pulse of this circuit about 10 times per second, each individual pulse (pulse width or open time) changes, according to the fuel mixture ratio needs.



In General Motors, this circuit control the carburetor in a low position (rare location) pore volume of the main jet needle time of each pulse. In other systems, mixed-gas control circuit to control the air solenoid valve, when air moves into the main channel or the volume of holes into the pipeline so-thinning mixture. Most of the feedback carburetor systems work the same way, and a longer open time of the mixture means that the issue of control of the mixed gas-thinning command.



Typically, from the engine control computer to control orders, all around the 50 percent duty cycle is greater than the scope of fluctuation.



This means that the system is to control the mixture in dilute state a strong case for long-term compensation plays a role (for example, thick carburetor adjustment), on the contrary from the engine control computer to issue commands to control around 50 percent less than in the scope of the duty cycle fluctuate, it means that the control system is a mixture of dense gas in the state of the thinning of the situation from a long-term compensation (such as a vacuum leak).



In the implementation of the carburetor mixture adjustment process, the oxygen sensor must be confirmed or not working properly.



Test Method:



Start the engine and idle running at 2500 r / min about 2-3 minutes, until the engine fully warm-up, fuel to enter the closed-loop feedback control system, the process could benefit from?? An electrical equipment, confirmed that car parking in the block or gap, in accordance with the recommended maintenance steps on the carburetor overhaul to thin to stop the air leakage and idle mixture adjustment.



Waveform results:



When the pore volume of the main pipes or carbon monoxide to adjust the appropriate circuit, the duty cycle control signal mixture to about 50% of fluctuations in the duty cycle of the cursor on the oscilloscope can be used to check or calibration in accordance with waveform display analysis, automotive oscilloscope can be duty cycle values and waveform displayed on the oscilloscope at the same time.



Waveform with the screen calibration is not difficult to adjust the mixing ratio if the carburetor settings are correct,峰秃waveform will be concentrated between the two falling edge, the peak is controlled by the engine computer caused the grounding circuit to see Waveform examples of note to observe the control box where computer access and cut off the circuit. When the main hole and the volume adjusted idle mixture set correctly in the peak slightly from right to left, and then return to volatility, but remain very close to falling edge waveform of the middle of the two, according to the oxygen sensor input signal to control a computer from the left the right shows the signal waveform.



When the oxygen concentration sensor signals, the control computer will control the mixing ratio of computer time for each cycle of ground (closed angle increased) to compensate for the amendment, when the oxygen sensor signal dilute, the control computer will be mixing ratio control circuit for each cycle time shortening (closed angle decreased) to compensate for the amendment. When the mixing ratio control duty cycle waveform fluctuations in the vicinity of 50%, and oxygen sensor is working correctly, the system control of the normal mixture, catalytic converters work best. In idle or 2500 r / min, or under normal driving (not including the heavy-duty processing speed), waveform display should be about 50% volatility, when the fuel feedback control system is the best performance and the possibility of the lowest emissions.



If you work in an unusual situation, (such as idle speed) waveforms in the 50% duty cycle fluctuations, but not in other normal circumstances, traffic conditions waveform display duty cycle of about 50% of the regular fluctuations in such systems necessary to get the maximum compensation mixing ratio (from the dilute side to the strong side), when the waveform of the peak movement to the right when the computer is being issued to control dilute mixture of order, here are based on the output of oxygen sensor high voltage.



3. Bosch (BOSCH) frequency mixing ratio adjustment valve



Bosch (BOSCH) CIS system is the late 70s, has still see cars in Europe on the installation of mechanical multi-point fuel injection system. CIS fuel injection system valve used to maintain the frequency of changes in traffic conditions in the right to control the fuel. All Bosch CIS frequency valve waveform (the frequency of valves in addition to Mercedes-Benz) and operation of all shapes and examples of similar frequency Benz valves have different drivers and waveform, but the same operation mode. Valve frequency signal is Bosch CIS fuel feedback control system of the main output signal, the circuit is large pulse frequency 70Hz. This frequency is the same, regardless of engine speed and load changes, which are maintained at a frequency of 70Hz. However, on-off time (pulse angle closure) as the oxygen sensor signals to the control computer to change.



In the CIS system, the pulse control circuit on the length of time to change the fuel dispenser in the room under the pressure of a hydraulic valve, when the differential pressure of the hydraulic valve to reduce the next room, it so that more fuel flows through the room, increase the fuel concentration mixing ratio.



Computer from the control valve of the order issued to the frequency signal is greater than 50% duty cycle means that the system of control into the thick mixture, which is rare in the state of compensation for a long time (for example, dilute the carbon monoxide to adjust or vacuum leak). On the contrary, from the valve control computer commands sent to the frequency signal is less than 50% duty cycle means that the system to control access to dilute mixture, which is compensation for a long time the state of concentration (for example, adjust the concentration of carbon monoxide or high fuel pressure). Do this in the mixing ratio of fuel (carbon monoxide values) before the adjustment, make sure that oxygen sensor is working correctly. 

  2. Mixed gas control valve GM mixture of a much wider application of control valves, and other feedback carburetor mixture control waveform is slightly different in appearance, but they show the same signal determine the scale and pattern very similar to the emergence of the fuel in the carburetor feedback control system control signals in the mixture is the most important output signal, in the General Motors on the pulse of this circuit about 10 times per second, each individual pulse (pulse width or open time) changes, according to the fuel mixture ratio needs. In General Motors, this circuit control the carburetor in a low position (rare location) pore volume of the main jet needle time of each pulse. In other systems, mixed-gas control circuit to control the air solenoid valve, when air moves into the main channel or the volume of holes into the pipeline so-thinning mixture. Most of the feedback carburetor systems work the same way, and a longer open time of the mixture means that the issue of control of the mixed gas-thinning command. Typically, from the engine control computer to control orders, all around the 50 percent duty cycle is greater than the scope of fluctuation. This means that the system is to control the mixture in dilute state a strong case for long-term compensation plays a role (for example, thick carburetor adjustment), on the contrary from the engine control computer to issue commands to control around 50 percent less than in the scope of the duty cycle fluctuate, it means that the control system is a mixture of dense gas in the state of the thinning of the situation from a long-term compensation (such as a vacuum leak). In the implementation of the carburetor mixture adjustment process, the oxygen sensor must be confirmed or not working properly. Test Method: Start the engine and idle running at 2500 r / min about 2-3 minutes, until the engine fully warm-up, fuel to enter the closed-loop feedback control system, the process could benefit from?? An electrical equipment, confirmed that car parking in the block or gap, in accordance with the recommended maintenance steps on the carburetor overhaul to thin to stop the air leakage and idle mixture adjustment. Waveform results: When the pore volume of the main pipes or carbon monoxide to adjust the appropriate circuit, the duty cycle control signal mixture to about 50% of fluctuations in the duty cycle of the cursor on the oscilloscope can be used to check or calibration in accordance with waveform display analysis, automotive oscilloscope can be duty cycle values and waveform displayed on the oscilloscope at the same time. Waveform with the screen calibration is not difficult to adjust the mixing ratio if the carburetor settings are correct,峰秃waveform will be concentrated between the two falling edge, the peak is controlled by the engine computer caused the grounding circuit to see Waveform examples of note to observe the control box where computer access and cut off the circuit. When the main hole and the volume adjusted idle mixture set correctly in the peak slightly from right to left, and then return to volatility, but remain very close to falling edge waveform of the middle of the two, according to the oxygen sensor input signal to control a computer from the left the right shows the signal waveform. When the oxygen concentration sensor signals, the control computer will control the mixing ratio of computer time for each cycle of ground (closed angle increased) to compensate for the amendment, when the oxygen sensor signal dilute, the control computer will be mixing ratio control circuit for each cycle time shortening (closed angle decreased) to compensate for the amendment. When the mixing ratio control duty cycle waveform fluctuations in the vicinity of 50%, and oxygen sensor is working correctly, the system control of the normal mixture, catalytic converters work best. In idle or 2500 r / min, or under normal driving (not including the heavy-duty processing speed), waveform display should be about 50% volatility, when the fuel feedback control system is the best performance and the possibility of the lowest emissions. If you work in an unusual situation, (such as idle speed) waveforms in the 50% duty cycle fluctuations, but not in other normal circumstances, traffic conditions waveform display duty cycle of about 50% of the regular fluctuations in such systems necessary to get the maximum compensation mixing ratio (from the dilute side to the strong side), when the waveform of the peak movement to the right when the computer is being issued to control dilute mixture of order, here are based on the output of oxygen sensor high voltage. 3. Bosch (BOSCH) frequency mixing ratio adjustment valve Bosch (BOSCH) CIS system is the late 70s, has still see cars in Europe on the installation of mechanical multi-point fuel injection system. CIS fuel injection system valve used to maintain the frequency of changes in traffic conditions in the right to control the fuel. All Bosch CIS frequency valve waveform (the frequency of valves in addition to Mercedes-Benz) and operation of all shapes and examples of similar frequency Benz valves have different drivers and waveform, but the same operation mode. Valve frequency signal is Bosch CIS fuel feedback control system of the main output signal, the circuit is large pulse frequency 70Hz. This frequency is the same, regardless of engine speed and load changes, which are maintained at a frequency of 70Hz. However, on-off time (pulse angle closure) as the oxygen sensor signals to the control computer to change. In the CIS system, the pulse control circuit on the length of time to change the fuel dispenser in the room under the pressure of a hydraulic valve, when the differential pressure of the hydraulic valve to reduce the next room, it so that more fuel flows through the room, increase the fuel concentration mixing ratio. Computer from the control valve of the order issued to the frequency signal is greater than 50% duty cycle means that the system of control into the thick mixture, which is rare in the state of compensation for a long time (for example, dilute the carbon monoxide to adjust or vacuum leak). On the contrary, from the valve control computer commands sent to the frequency signal is less than 50% duty cycle means that the system to control access to dilute mixture, which is compensation for a long time the state of concentration (for example, adjust the concentration of carbon monoxide or high fuel pressure). Do this in the mixing ratio of fuel (carbon monoxide values) before the adjustment, make sure that oxygen sensor is working correctly. 2. Mixed gas control valve GM mixture of a much wider application of control valves, and other feedback carburetor mixture control waveform is slightly different in appearance, but they show the same signal determine the scale and pattern very similar to the emergence of the fuel in the carburetor feedback control system control signals in the mixture is the most important output signal, in the General Motors on the pulse of this circuit about 10 times per second, each individual pulse (pulse width or open time) changes, according to the fuel mixture ratio needs. In General Motors, this circuit control the carburetor in a low position (rare location) pore volume of the main jet needle time of each pulse. In other systems, mixed-gas control circuit to control the air solenoid valve, when air moves into the main channel or the volume of holes into the pipeline so-thinning mixture. Most of the feedback carburetor systems work the same way, and a longer open time of the mixture means that the issue of control of the mixed gas-thinning command. Typically, from the engine control computer to control orders, all around the 50 percent duty cycle is greater than the scope of fluctuation. This means that the system is to control the mixture in dilute state a strong case for long-term compensation plays a role (for example, thick carburetor adjustment), on the contrary from the engine control computer to issue commands to control around 50 percent less than in the scope of the duty cycle fluctuate, it means that the control system is a mixture of dense gas in the state of the thinning of the situation from a long-term compensation (such as a vacuum leak). In the implementation of the carburetor mixture adjustment process, the oxygen sensor must be confirmed or not working properly. Test Method: Start the engine and idle running at 2500 r / min about 2-3 minutes, until the engine fully warm-up, fuel to enter the closed-loop feedback control system, the process could benefit from?? An electrical equipment, confirmed that car parking in the block or gap, in accordance with the recommended maintenance steps on the carburetor overhaul to thin to stop the air leakage and idle mixture adjustment. Waveform results: When the pore volume of the main pipes or carbon monoxide to adjust the appropriate circuit, the duty cycle control signal mixture to about 50% of fluctuations in the duty cycle of the cursor on the oscilloscope can be used to check or calibration in accordance with waveform display analysis, automotive oscilloscope can be duty cycle values and waveform displayed on the oscilloscope at the same time. Waveform with the screen calibration is not difficult to adjust the mixing ratio if the carburetor settings are correct,峰秃waveform will be concentrated between the two falling edge, the peak is controlled by the engine computer caused the grounding circuit to see Waveform examples of note to observe the control box where computer access and cut off the circuit. When the main hole and the volume adjusted idle mixture set correctly in the peak slightly from right to left, and then return to volatility, but remain very close to falling edge waveform of the middle of the two, according to the oxygen sensor input signal to control a computer from the left the right shows the signal waveform. When the oxygen concentration sensor signals, the control computer will control the mixing ratio of computer time for each cycle of ground (closed angle increased) to compensate for the amendment, when the oxygen sensor signal dilute, the control computer will be mixing ratio control circuit for each cycle time shortening (closed angle decreased) to compensate for the amendment. When the mixing ratio control duty cycle waveform fluctuations in the vicinity of 50%, and oxygen sensor is working correctly, the system control of the normal mixture, catalytic converters work best. In idle or 2500 r / min, or under normal driving (not including the heavy-duty processing speed), waveform display should be about 50% volatility, when the fuel feedback control system is the best performance and the possibility of the lowest emissions. If you work in an unusual situation, (such as idle speed) waveforms in the 50% duty cycle fluctuations, but not in other normal circumstances, traffic conditions waveform display duty cycle of about 50% of the regular fluctuations in such systems necessary to get the maximum compensation mixing ratio (from the dilute side to the strong side), when the waveform of the peak movement to the right when the computer is being issued to control dilute mixture of order, here are based on the output of oxygen sensor high voltage. 3. Bosch (BOSCH) frequency mixing ratio adjustment valve Bosch (BOSCH) CIS system is the late 70s, has still see cars in Europe on the installation of mechanical multi-point fuel injection system. CIS fuel injection system valve used to maintain the frequency of changes in traffic conditions in the right to control the fuel. All Bosch CIS frequency valve waveform (the frequency of valves in addition to Mercedes-Benz) and operation of all shapes and examples of similar frequency Benz valves have different drivers and waveform, but the same operation mode. Valve frequency signal is Bosch CIS fuel feedback control system of the main output signal, the circuit is large pulse frequency 70Hz. This frequency is the same, regardless of engine speed and load changes, which are maintained at a frequency of 70Hz. However, on-off time (pulse angle closure) as the oxygen sensor signals to the control computer to change. In the CIS system, the pulse control circuit on the length of time to change the fuel dispenser in the room under the pressure of a hydraulic valve, when the differential pressure of the hydraulic valve to reduce the next room, it so that more fuel flows through the room, increase the fuel concentration mixing ratio. Computer from the control valve of the order issued to the frequency signal is greater than 50% duty cycle means that the system of control into the thick mixture, which is rare in the state of compensation for a long time (for example, dilute the carbon monoxide to adjust or vacuum leak). On the contrary, from the valve control computer commands sent to the frequency signal is less than 50% duty cycle means that the system to control access to dilute mixture, which is compensation for a long time the state of concentration (for example, adjust the concentration of carbon monoxide or high fuel pressure). Do this in the mixing ratio of fuel (carbon monoxide values) before the adjustment, make sure that oxygen sensor is working correctly. ball valve Trunnion Mounted Ball Valve Floating Ball Valve Top Entry Ball Valve Three way ball valve V Type Ball Valve
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